Determination Of New Algal Neurotoxins (Spirolides) Near The Scottish East Coast
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Spirolides were discovered by Hu et al. 1995 in scallops from Canada. They represent eight macrocyclic polyethers with molecular weights ranging from 691 to 711. In 2000, Cembella et al. identified the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii as producer of these toxins. In European waters the presence of spirolide producing organisms was proven by investigation of a cultured isolate of A. ostenfeldii from Limfjord, Denmark. To obtain further information about the occurrence of spirolides in Europe some 200 phytoplankton samples were taken from surface water during a reasearch cruise in May 2000. Samples were analysed on board of the research vessel for several algal toxins by LC-MS. Spirolides were detected in 75% of the samples collected in a large area (~45.000 km2) in the North Atlantic and along the Scottish east coast. The contamination differed concerning both the amounts and the relative abundance of the spirolide toxins. Conventional extraction of the phytoplankton samples resulted in low spirolide concentrations. Furthermore, similar structures (differing often only in one double bond) and the lack of commercially available external standards rendered especially quantification of spirolide toxins. Therefore, additional clean-up and concentration steps using size-exclusion chromatography were introduced enabling identification of individual spirolides by application of LC-MS-MS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".