Scripps carbon dioxide (CO2) program data, Alert, Canada (1985-present) and Point Barrow, Alaska (1961-1964 and 1974-present)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dataset consists of time-series measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and CO2 isotopic composition (carbon isotope ratio (13C/12C) and oxygen isotope ratio (18O/16O)) from flasks collected at two stations: (1) Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska and (2) Alert, Nunavut, on the north-eastern tip of Ellesmere Island. The flasks are collected by staff from the Barrow Atmospheric Baseline Observatory, operated by Global Monitoring Laboratory of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and by staff from the Neil Trivett Global Atmospheric Watch Observatory operated by Environment and Climate Change Canada. The flasks are returned to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at University of California (UC) San Diego where they are analyzed for CO2 concentration using infrared analysis and analyzed for CO2 isotopes using magnetic sector mass spectrometry. The measurements are reported on scales for CO2 concentration and CO2 isotopic composition that are maintained at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. These datasets are among the longest ongoing times series of CO2 and its isotopes in the Arctic. These datasets are relevant for assessing Arctic sources and sinks of carbon dioxide and biogeochemical changes, such as large-scale changes in net ecosystem productivity and water-use efficiency, at high northern latitudes. Routine flask collections began in 1974 at Barrow, and 1985 at Alert. Isotopic analyses in flasks from Barrow started in 1982. Prior to 1992, the isotopic measurements were made at the laboratory of Professor. Wim Mook in Groningen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".