アメリカが内向きのナショナリズムを選ぶとき : 出生地主義に基づく市民権と移民制度改革をめぐるアメリカ保守主義の変容

In the paper I analyze the discourse of conservatism since the 2016 presidential election in the United States and clarify a tendency that is gradually becoming dominant in the conservatism in recent years. To conclude, the type of American conservatism that is gaining ascendancy after the election is seeking an inward nationalism that may somehow maintain continuity with conventional Americanism. My argument is that there may occur a struggle for hegemony among conservatives over the meaning of Americanism. The rise of the new type of nationalism is linked to the skepticism over granting birthright citizenship to illegal immigrants, which has been firmly maintained based on the 14th amendment in the U.S. Constitution. The nationalism is also linked to an effort to cope with the class division between New Class and the rest of 90 percent people in America. This paper begins with a discussion by Michael Anton, one of the West Coast Straussians. He is known among American conservatives as the author of “The Flight 93 Election.” He served as a staff in the Trump administration. He argues that the president of the United States should stop birthright citizenship with an executive order and that American people need to abandon the image that America is a nation of immigrants. He claims that America is a nation of settlers, who made a social compact about the nature of membership. In the next two sections I focus on Reihan Salam and F.H. Buckley when reviewing the current immigration reform. Salam, a reformicon is a second generation of immigrants from Bangladesh. Buckley, a pro Trumper is a former Canadian citizen. Salam puts priority on productivity while Buckley praises mobility although they commonly promote a more skill-based immigration system that seems work well in Canada and other countries. This means that both types of conservatives recommend American people to accept a foreign, good model regardless of their national pride. In the last section I examine the current rise of nationalism as a guiding principle in America. I focus on The Virtue of Nationalism by Yoram Hazony, an Israeli conservative intellectual at the Herzl Institute. When President Trump said that he is a nationalist in a rally at Houston, Texas in October 2018, liberal media slammed him because nationalism is likely connected with White Nationalism and Nazism. Hazony defended him by arguing that nationalism is not a dangerous concept. He advocates the idea of nationalism because the idea is so important for keeping the independence of Israel as a bulwark against threats such as Holocaust and Auschwitz. Although his theory of nationalism may be regarded as anachronism in the current political theory, he gets so many audiences and proponents among American conservatives that he succeeds in creating a global alliance with them to defend the idea of nationalism.

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