Audiologists : a Vital Team Member For Clients With Traumatic Brain injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that concussion and mild traumatic brain injury has been shown to result in central hearing disorders. A large majority of these clients have normal hearing sensitivity but demonstrate a variety of auditory complaints. Such functional difficulties include hearing in noise or reverberant conditions, sound sensitivities, localization of sounds, difficulty on the phone or when the speakers face is not seen, decreased music appreciation, difficulty following group conversation and/or auditory fatigue. While complex, such processes are thought to be processed by the classical and non-classical central auditory system. The classical central auditory system includes the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate, subcortical and cortical structures in the temporal lobe along with connections to the corpus callosum as well as the auditory efferent system. The non-classical auditory system is connected to other brain centres, such as the amygdala, hippocampus and reticular activation system, among others, which help integrate our auditory system into our human connectedness. It stands to reason that trauma that can impact the brain and affect other sensory and cognitive mechanisms can therefore impact the function of the central auditory nervous system. While diagnostic imaging provides a structural view of the brain and can often be normal in such cases, audiological measures provide functional information that can shape a communication profile for the individual. The Canadian guidelines on auditory processing disorders establish the protocol that audiologists can follow in assessing and managing clients with auditory processing disorders. Using behavioural and electrophysiological procedures, it is possible to document auditory processing deficits as a result of head trauma, and provide rehabilitative measures and monitor outcomes. While vestibular issues have been well documented as a result of head trauma, concussion guidelines neglect to focus on the communication deficits from auditory processing disorders caused by head trauma. If such communication issues are not investigated and addressed, social isolation and reduced adherence to other rehabilitation plans may result. The audiologist working with other team members can assist with rehabilitative measures, which may include auditory training, environmental and compensatory strategies that may support the individual to re-enter the work force, or attempt to improve often impaired communicative efforts. Illustrative cases will be used to highlight the audiologistu2019s role in working with clients suffering from auditory deficits related to head trauma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.057 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".