Extrapyramidal And Depressive Symptoms In First-Episode Psychosis During Amisulpride Treatment : The Results Of Optimise Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction u2013 The first phase of the OPTIMISE study is a four-week treatment of first-episode psychotic patients with amisulpride. Objectives u2013 The aim was to assess extrapyramidal and depressive symptoms in these patients before and after amisulpride treatment. Methods - The study involved 441 patients, 311 male, aged 25.2+5.2 years and 130 female, aged 26.9+6.6 years, with a previous use of antipsychotic drugs of less than 2 weeks during the preceding year and less than 6 weeks lifetime. Extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed by the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale and depressive symptoms were estimated by the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS).Results u2013 In 251(66,8%) patients, the response to treatment was noted. At baseline, the frequency of extrapyramidal symptoms was: akathisia 14.5%; tremor 14.3%; akinesia 11.3%; rigidity 11.1%, dystonia 9.5%; hyperkinesia 3.9%. Some of them were more marked in women. There were no significant changes after amisulpride in responders to treatment, however, in non-responders, the frequency of akathisia, tremor, akinesia and rigidity significantly increased. The mean CDSS score at baseline was 4.5+4.6, correlated with the intensity of most extrapyramidal symptoms, and significantly decreased after treatment (2.8+3.8), more so in responders than in non-responders. Conclusions - The results suggest the relatively high intensity of extrapyramidal and depressive symptoms before treatment in these patients. After treatment in responders, no change in frequency of extrapyramidal symptoms and significant decrease of depressive symptoms was noted. In non-responders, there was an increase in extrapyramidal and less decrease of depressive symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".