Late veneer on the terrestrial planets: dynamics perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The origin of the late veneer of the terrestrial planets and of the lunar bombardment has been the subject of numerous studies in the field of cosmochemistry and in the field of planet formation and dynamical evolution of the early solar system. In the last years, we have studied [1,..,5] the dynamical and collisional evolution of the population of planetesimals originally in the terrestrial planet region and still “alive” at the time of the Moon-forming event. We have shown that this population of leftover planetesimals can explain the late veneer of Earth, Mars and Vesta as constrained by the amount of highly siderophile elements (HSE) in their mantles as well as the number of late impact basins on the Moon. The low concentration of HSE in the lunar mantle can be explained by a late sequestration of lunar mantle HSEs into the core at the time of the lunar mantle overturn. The origin of the late veneer carrier from the terrestrial planet region is consistent with the isotopic constraints on the source of the late veneer, indicating a non-carbonaceous source. This suggests that the carbonaceous projectiles that delivered part of the terrestrial volatile elements had already decayed by the time the late veneer started. [5]Nesvorný, D., et al. 2023, Icarus, 399, 115545. [4]Nesvorný, D., et al. 2022, ApJL, 941, L9. [3]Zhu, M.-H. et al. 2021, Nature Astronomy, 5, 1286. [2]Zhu, M.-H. et al. 2019, Nature Astronomy, 571, 226. [1]Morbidelli, A., et al. 2018, Icarus, 305, 262.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".