ROI100, LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Prehistoric Copper Artifacts from the McQueen Shell Ring, St. Catherine’s Island, Georgia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is the tDAR Project page that represents Reports of Investigation 100 from the Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. A set of seven copper objects recovered from a Late Archaic feature at the McQueen Shell Ring site on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, were analyzed to determine the likely geological source of the copper used in their manufacture. The seven artifacts are all fragments of a copper sheet, and are thought to represent single broken and fragmented artifact. These artifacts were analyzed using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at the Elemental Analysis Facility of the Chicago Field Museum of Natural History. The results were compared to geological source samples from Lake Superior, the Appalachians, and the Canadian Maritimes in two separate discriminant function analyses. Both analyses found the most probable associations of the coastal Georgia artifacts with copper sources in the northern portion of the Lake Superior basin. In particular, sources on Isle Royale in northwestern Lake Superior were most frequently found to have the highest probability, while those on Michipicoten Island in northeastern Lake Superior were somewhat less frequently associated. The McQueen materials are highly unlikely to have originated from sources in the central Appalachians and the Canadian Maritimes, while sources in the southern Appalachians have a low to very low probability of association with the McQueen site copper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".