The effects of choline on hippocampal synaptic plasticity following prenatal ethanol exposure.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure (PNEE) results in lifelong cognitive difficulties, with notable impairments in learning and memory. Although there is no treatment, current research is exploring the essential nutrient choline to improve cognitive outcomes. However, little is known on how choline supplementation alters synaptic plasticity or how cholinergic circuits are disrupted following PNEE. We utilized a first two trimester-equivalent PNEE model and examined changes in offspring synaptic plasticity. (1) In vitro electrophysiology experiments were conducted at postnatal day (P) 21-28. Acute choline exposure caused a long-term depression of fEPSP slope in the medial perforant pathway of the dentate gyrus (DG) which was dependent on M1 ACh receptors. PNEE offspring had a greater immediate depression and a unique involvement of NMDA receptors. (2) In a second set of experiments, offspring were treated with either choline chloride or a saline control from P10-30 and analyzed at P31-35 or P60-90. High frequency stimulation (50 pulses @ 100 Hz repeated 4x) was used to determine changes in long term potentiation (LTP). PNEE decreased the magnitude of LTP in male, but not female, juvenile offspring which postnatal choline supplementation increased. However the long-term effects of choline supplementation may be through the alteration of the LTP threshold. These data indicate that (1) PNEE alters cholinergic signaling within the DG and (2) postnatal choline supplementation has long-lasting impacts on synaptic plasticity which may convey benefits for improved learning and memory outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".