Data from: Divergent population structure in five common rockfish species of puget sound, WA suggests the need for species-specific management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quantifying connectivity between endangered or threatened marine populations is critical information for scientifically sound management. Of the 86 species managed by the Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC) on the West Coast of the United States, over 75% are rockfishes, and of those species, 27 were once deemed ‘at risk’. Although most stocks have been successfully rebuilt along the Washington Coast, Puget Sound stocks have yet to recover despite fisheries closures. The connectivity of Puget Sound stocks to coastal populations is relatively unknown, despite the potential of recruitment subsidies from the coast and considerable interest in reopening many fisheries for recreational use. The importance of accurate connectivity estimates was demonstrated by recent research on two of three Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed species in Puget Sound, which showed that one species was not sufficiently distinct to warrant listing as a separate Puget Sound distinct population segment (DPS). The common assumption of isolation of Puget Sound populations, which stems primarily from research on three hybridizing species, may therefore be erroneous. This study aimed to provide an analysis of the connectivity of five Puget Sound rockfish populations and identify distinct population segments where appropriate. Samples from five species (Black (Sebastes melanops), Yellowtail (S. flavidus), Redstripe (S. proriger), Greenstriped (S. elongatus), and Puget Sound (S. emphaeus)) were collected in three areas within and one area outside of Puget Sound and analyzed at over 12,000 restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) loci. We found unique species-specific patterns of genetic diversity, attributable to multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In particular, Black and Puget Sound Rockfish showed no genetic differentiation; Yellowtail and Greenstriped Rockfish were structured according to known geographic barriers; and Redstripe Rockfish revealed evidence for temporal genetic differentiation, suggesting that irregular recruitment influences population structure. None of the species followed the DPS boundaries generally assumed for rockfish, further emphasizing the importance of species-specific management for the effective recovery of these rockfish populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".