DEVELOPMENT OF MOULDED PULP PROTECTIVE PACKAGING FROM ALTERNATIVE FIBERS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Expanded polystyrene foam is a standard protection element for many packaging solutions which needs cushioning properties against mechanical stresses. While its protective functions are very good (lightweight good cushioning properties, easy to 3D-form with tooling) the environmental aspect of this material is questionable due to bulkiness (high space volume) and low rates of real and viable recycling infrastructure. Due to that producers have switched to fiber solutions (corrugated board inserts, fiber foams and biopolymer fiber composites) as an alternative solution. Even though this fiber-based alternative solutions are environmentally friendlier the overuse of cellulose fibers from wood sources can also be a burden on the environment. On the other hand, invasive alien plants due to their negative impact on biodiversity and other economic damage (riverbank degradation) are one of the possible solutions for producing fiber elements. In this paper the development of moulded fiber cushioning elements, made from locally sourced invasive fiber alien plants (Japanese knotweed and Canadian goldenrod) and processed in Slovenia is presented as a part of the protective packaging system for household appliances. The fiber morphology and processing as well the prototyping of the moulding tools have influenced the mechanical properties needed for protection simulation due to different fiber bonding and entanglement. The obtained results serve as a basis for further development and structural analysis (finite elements modelling) of stress points for building simulation software for the use of alternative fiber solutions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".