AWARENESS OF TYPE ONE DIABETES PRESENTING SYMPTOMS AMONG CAREGIVERS OF UNAFFECTED CHILDREN IN SAUDI ARABIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a common endocrine disorder among children. The yearly diagnosed cases can reach up to 65,000 children worldwide (1). The onset of symptoms of DM1 usually develops at childhood and adolescence, although it can occur later in life(2).In Saudi Arabia, studies reported an increase in the incidence and prevalence rates of DM1 among children and adolescents(3,4). The signs and symptoms of diabetes type one (DM1) at the initial presentation in children can range from mild symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, lethargy to a moderate/severe (life-threatening) complication as Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) (5.) DKA is a life-threating serious complication of DM1 with high morbidity and mortality rates (5). According to a study conducted in the western region of Saudi Arabia, acute complications of diabetic ketoacidosis occur in 65.4% of patients (6). Early recognition of symptoms and prompt management can prevent DKA. DKA as the first presentation of type 1 DM varies between countries, the highest frequencies are reported in the United Arab of Emirates (80%) and Saudi Arabia (59%) (5). While in Canada and Sweden it was only 18 and 14 percent respectively (1,5) The difference in the incidence of DKA at first presentation of type 1 DM between different countries was contributed to various factors among which public awareness was considered to be a key factor (5).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".