Bibliographic record
Abstract
Family Charinidae Gray 1849 Type genus. Charina Gray 1849 Genus content. Subfamily Charininae Gray 1849 (Charina, Lichanura), subfamily Ungaliophiinae McDowell 1987 (Exiliboa, Ungaliophis) Diagnosis. Charinids can be distinguished from all other similar or related taxa by the following combination of characters: in all species, a distinct lateral muscular bundle (M.) in the jaw known as the adductor mandibulae externus medialis pars anterior (M. aem1 of Zaher 1994), with loss of the left lung and presence of a tracheal lung in Exiliboa and Ungaliophis (Ungaliophiinae), and in Charina and Lichanura (Charininae), an M. aem1 comprised of elongated and undifferentiated fibers, as well as lack of a postorbital, anterior end of ectopterygoid narrow and pointed, crista circumfenestris small or absent between the fenestra pseudorotunda and foramen of the vagus cranial nerve, and coronoid absent on the prearticular portion of the compound bone (see Kluge 1993; Zaher 1994). Phylogenetic definition. Includes the MRCA of included Charina and Lichanura (Charininae) and Exiliboa and Ungaliophis (Ungaliophiinae) and all descendants thereof, and all species more closely related to Cha. bottae than to Boa constrictor (stem of Charinidae), all species more closely related to Cha. bottae than to U. continentalis (stem of Charininae), and all species more closely related to U. continentalis than to Cha. bottae (stem of Ungaliophiinae). Etymology. From the Greek charieis for ‘graceful’ or ‘delightful.’ Distribution. North and Central America, including southern Canada, the western United States and northwestern Mexico for Charininae, and southwestern Mexico, Central America, and extreme northwestern South America for Ungaliophiinae. Remarks. This group has had a turbulent taxonomic history, as many morphological characters are poorly known and apparently exhibit strong convergence (see Kluge 1991; Zaher 1994; Wilcox et al. 2002). However, recent molecular results are unambiguous in supporting the monophyly of this group and uniting it with Booidea (Wilcox et al. 2002; Noonan and Chippindale 2006; Wiens et al. 2008; Pyron et al. 2013; Reynolds et al. 2014).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".