Bibliographic record
Abstract
Paragus (Paragus) bicolor (Fabricius, 1794) Syrphus bicolor Fabricius, 1794: 297. Type locality: Barbariae [= Nw. Africa]. Musca cruentatus Geoffroy, 1785: 462. Type locality: France (Paris). Paragus arcuatus Meigen, 1822: 179. Type locality: France (Provence). Paragus taeniatus Meigen, 1822: 179. Type locality: France (Southern France). Paragus ater Meigen, 1822: 182. Type locality: France (Carpentras). Paragus testaceus Meigen, 1822: 180. Type locality: Austria & France (Southern France). Paragus ruficauda Zetterstedt, 1843: 852. Type locality: Sweden (Scania: Esperöd). Paragus tacchettii Rondani, 1865: 140. Type locality: Italy (Brescia). World distribution: AF: Namibia, South Africa. NE: Canada, USA. OR: India (Jammu & Kashmir), Pakistan. PA: Afghanistan, Algeria, China, Egypt, Europe (from southern Sweden and Denmark south to the Mediterranean, from France eastwards through central and southern Europe), Iran, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Mongolia, Morocco, Tunisia. Egyptian localities: Eastern Desert: Wadi Um Elek [Shaumar & Kamal (1978)]. Activity period in Egypt: June. Remarks: Adults fly low among ground vegetation and settle on either bare ground or low plants. The flowers visited include: Euphorbia, Herniaria glabra, Potentilla and Solidago (Speight 2017). Gomes (1981) reared this species from among aphids on Rumex in Portugal.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".