Supplementary file - Ferreira et al. Biosecurity practices in dairy farms from the south of Brazil - 2023
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biosecurity is the set of practices in a production system to prevent and/or control the entry, spread, and exit of harmful biological agents. The general aim of this study was to survey biosecurity practices and associate them according to the size of the production systems. To this end, a biosecurity assessment form was applied to 69 farms in the Campos Gerais region of Paraná. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: general and specific on the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1). The general section covers topics on traffic control, quarantine and animal isolation, hygiene practices, carcass disposal, and monitoring/control of diseases. The specific section is made up of questions about reproductive and respiratory factors, the use of antimicrobials, and the vaccination schedule. The 69 farms were classified as small (≤ 61), medium (62 to 201), and large (≥ 202 lactating cows), according to the number of lactating cows. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was carried out between biosecurity measures and farm size. The main risk factors and variability observed were related to traffic control of people, animals, and vehicles/equipment; animal quarantine/isolation, and hygiene practices. The MCA showed that small farms were commonly associated with a lack of biosecurity measures, such as those related to traffic control, animal quarantine, and hygiene. On medium-sized properties, contact between bovine animals of different ages and difficulty in isolating any category animal in quarantine system were some of the main risk factors. On the other hand, on large properties, isolating sick animals was easy, but the purchase of cattle was frequent and represented an important risk factor. These results contribute to a clearer understanding of the relationship between biosecurity and farm size, providing valuable insights for the development of accurate biosecurity plans that take this characteristic into account.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.045 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.624 | 0.062 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".