Investigation\nof Soil Legacy Phosphorus Transformation\nin Long-Term Agricultural Fields Using Sequential Fractionation, P\nK‑edge XANES and Solution P NMR Spectroscopy
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding legacy phosphorus (P)\nbuild-up and draw-down from\nlong-term fertilization is essential for effective P management. Using\nreplicated plots from Saskatchewan, Canada, with P fertilization from\n1967 to 1995 followed by either P fertilization or P cessation (1995–2010),\nsoil P was characterized in surface and subsurface layers using sequential\nfractionation, P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES)\nand solution <sup>31</sup>P nuclear magnetic resonance (P NMR) spectroscopy.\nLegacy P from a 28-year build-up was sufficient for 15 years of wheat\ncultivation, resulting in no significant differences in crop yield\nin 2010. In surface soils, soil test (Olsen) P decreased significantly\nin unfertilized plots compared with 1995, which was reflected in declining\naluminum (hydr)oxide-associated inorganic P by fractionation and XANES.\nFurthermore, XANES analysis revealed a decrease of calcium-associated\nP in 2010-unfertilized soils at both depths and an increase of Fe\n(hydr)oxides-associated P in the 2010-fertilized and -unfertilized\nsurface soils relative to the 1995 soils. Increased total organic\nP and orthophosphate diesters by P NMR and accumulated inositol hexaphosphate\nby XANES were observed in surface soils with P fertilization cessation.\nIn subsurface soils, few legacy P transformations were detected. These\nresults provide important information about legacy P to improve agricultural\nsustainability while mitigating water quality deterioration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.033 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it