Identification and characterization of Trichoderma species from vineyards in British Columbia and studies on their potential use as biological control agents against the grapevine trunk disease Botryosphaeria dieback
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the most important biotic factors limiting grapevine health around the world is grapevine trunk diseases (GTD). Fungal pathogens responsible for GTD infect vines mainly through pruning wounds and cause an overall decline and eventual death of the plant. Currently, there are no chemical fungicides nor biological control agents (BCA) registered in Canada for the control of GTD. Species of Trichoderma are capable of promoting grapevine health and can also protect vines by actively antagonizing plant pathogenic fungi, including GTD pathogens, through several modes of action. Accordingly, the objectives of this research were i) to identify Trichoderma spp. from the Okanagan Valley in British Columbia (BC) by multi-locus gene sequencing and ii) to screen for isolates that can be used as BCA against Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum, two of the most prevalent GTD fungi found in BC. In total, 29 Trichoderma isolates were obtained from grapevines in BC. Molecular analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and a partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene allowed the identification of seven species, including T. asperelloides, T. atroviride, T. canadense, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. tomentosum, and T. viticola. Among these, T. canadense and T. viticola are novel species to the scientific community. The antagonistic abilities of Trichoderma species against D. seriata and N. parvum were screened in vitro via dual culture assays and best performing isolates were tested in plantae under greenhouse controlled conditions via detached cane assays alongside commercial pruning wound protectants. The species that performed best under greenhouse conditions were selected to further testing under field conditions in a Merlot vineyard. Trichoderma-based treatments from BC provided >90% reduction of infection when pruning wounds where challenged with the pathogens 1d, 7d, 21d, and 60d post-treatment in the field. Overall, Trichoderma isolates from BC performed similar or better when compared against commercial products. This research represents the initial steps required for the development and registration of local BCA for management of GTD in Canada.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".