Spatial And Temporal Trends In Trawl Scour Activity In The Canadian Atlantic And Pacific
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to spatially analyse trawling in Canadian Atlantic and Pacific waters as part of a program to assess the effect of trawling on benthic habitats of the Atlantic and Pacific. Data from the Fisheries Observer Program for the period 1980-2000 (Atlantic) and 1994-2000 (Pacific) in the form of geo-referenced fishing set locations were used to spatially describe trawl effort location. The methodology is described in detail to allow this analysis to be used to define trawling in other areas. The results are presented as a series of maps depicting the spatial distribution of trawling intensity. Further analyses delineate temporal changes and patterns in trawling intensity. Areas that were repeatedly or intensely trawled over the entire period were identified. In the Atlantic, trawl grounds are patchy and complex covering between 8 and 38% of the shelf in any year although actual trawled bottom area is much smaller. Spatial patterns of trawling changed quite dramatically over the time sequence analysed but locations of high intensity trawling were quite similar from one year to the next. The spatial patterns were most stable during the 1980’s while the greatest changes occurred during the early 1990’s. There were numerous persistent areas of trawling spread mainly along the shelf edge and between the banks. Except for the Grand Bank and the Magdelen Shallows, the tops of the banks were untrawled. Thus, a substantial portion (shallow and shoreward) of the shelf was consistently un-fished. In the Pacific, the trawl locations were more consistent but the observed timeframe was much shorter (1994-2000). Trawl grounds comprised a string of partially joined patches along the shelf edge off Vancouver Is., three patches within the southern Queen Charlotte Sound, south and east of Queen Charlotte Is. at deeper locations and on the shelf edge north and west of Queen Charlotte Is. (Dixon Entrance). The results as a first step in quantifying trawl effects will provide precise information on extent and intensity of bottom disturbance due to trawling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".