Punjabi translation of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index and to evaluate its adaptation, validity and reliability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) is a self-assessment tool developed by Kirkley et al. (2003) to measure disease-specific quality of life in patients with symptomatic rotator cuff disorders. t was originally developed in English and then translated in different languages to measures its usability in different cultures. The study aims to translate and culturally adapt the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) into Punjabi and assess its validity and reliability. Following Beaton’s Guidelines, the translation process included forward and backward translation by two translators, with approval from the original developer. Content validation was conducted using the Delphi method with 10 field experts having over five years of experience. Cultural adaptation involved 30 outpatient participants who provided feedback on scale clarity. Concurrent validation compared P-WORC scores with WORC and DASH, while reliability testing was performed with 51 patients to ensure consistency and accuracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.052 | 0.033 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".