ASSESSING THE LEVEL AND IMPACT OF COORDINATION AMONG UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDING SECTORS THE CASE OF ADDIS ABABA CITY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In today world’s Ethiopia is among the fast urbanizing country. The capital city, Addis Ababa, has a population of about 4 million, close to one quarter of the urban population in the country. In recent years urbanization has attained unprecedented levels of growth in the development and expansion of Addis Ababa. This study was conducted in Addis Ababa City Administration, entitled “Assessing the level and impact of the lack of coordination among utility infrastructure provider sectors in Addis Ababa City”. To achieve the above objective, the study used both qualitative and quantitative methodology and relevant data for the study were gathered from primary as well as secondary sources through questionnaires, interviews, field observation and document reviews. The collected data is analyzed using descriptive as well as narrative methodological approach. The research found out that the institutional and administrative structure and institutions level of accountability coupled with the various sources of budget as factors contributing to the poor inter sectoral integration. Besides, problem of communication during design preparations and common standards and guide lines to all service providers is also identified as one of the root causes. It was also realized that, the reactive nature of the legal procedures and shortage of clearly stated rules and regulations which suggest coordination among service providers along with weak enforcement has greatly contributed to the problem under review. Moreover, findings also confirmed that there is still loose communication during implementation due to poor utility database, lack of institutions capacity, interest and commitment, absence of responsible body to do the job and lack of long term plan. The existing coordination of utility infrastructure network status in the study areas indicates that the existing roads, water supply, sewerage system, drainage, telephone line and electric distribution network are affected under poor coordination and it requires immediate maintenance. The poor coordination among utility infrastructure network performance was evaluated by using performance indicators like infrastructure performance their coordination under planning, designing, construction, supervision and customer satisfaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".