The Reputation Politics of the Norm Cascade (IV)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The NGOs played an indispensable role for setting an international agenda, framing the issue, and keeping the momentum for the ban-mine policy. They influenced states' decision to agree on the ban-mine policy by connecting domestic and international channels, since both the international and the domestic opportunity structure especially in leading countries were relatively open to the civil participation throughout the prcess. Some may argue that domestic channels are usually most important for social movements, simply because governmental decisions are made primarily through domestic politics. This article argues that the degree of access to the domestic decision-making by social movements depends on the domestic opportunity structure. The success of the ban-mine movement led by the ICBL was chiefly a result of the deliberate regional strategies which were designed on the extent of openness of domestic and international political opportunities in each region. Another characteristic of the ICBL's global strategy was its strategic collaboration with the UN system. The UN Secretariat and humanitarian organizations such as UNICEF and UNHCR offered a wide range of political opportunities to ban-mine movement, while disarmament institutions such as the Review Conference on CCW and the Conference on Disarmament (CD) provided just a little opportunity for the pro-ban NGOs. Therefore, the ICBL formed a firm coalition with the UN Secretariat and the UN humanitarian organizations, while utilizing the CD as a symbol of enemy to the Ottawa Process in order to maintain the pro-Ottawa momentum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".