Negative Symptoms And Body Mass Index In The Chronic Phase Of Schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Aims:Our study aimed to validate the hypothesis that negative symptoms of schizophrenia encompass two domains namely apathy-avolition (AA) and diminished expression (DE) and to investigate the relationship of these domains with body mass index.Methods:A total of 100 consecutive schizophrenia outpatients, with primary negative symptoms, were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Negative Symptoms Assessment Scale (NSA-16), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) and a semi-structured interview was used to assess demographic features and body mass index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, principal component analysis,correlation analysis and analyses of variance and co-variance.Results:We found a two-factor solution for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia represented by AA and DE. Analyses of correlation, variance and co-variance suggested that higher AA scores were associated with normal weight. No significant differences were found regarding DE scores in relationship with the body mass index.Conclusions:Our findings suggest the AA and DE domains show meaningful differences concerning the relationship with body mass index. Lower apathy-avolition levels are associated with higher body mass index in chronic stable schizophrenia patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".