Negative Symptoms And Body Mass Index In The Chronic Phase Of Schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Aims:Our study aimed to validate the hypothesis that negative symptoms of schizophrenia encompass two domains namely apathy-avolition (AA) and diminished expression (DE) and to investigate the relationship of these domains with body mass index.Methods:A total of 100 consecutive schizophrenia outpatients, with primary negative symptoms, were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Negative Symptoms Assessment Scale (NSA-16), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) and a semi-structured interview was used to assess demographic features and body mass index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, principal component analysis,correlation analysis and analyses of variance and co-variance.Results:We found a two-factor solution for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia represented by AA and DE. Analyses of correlation, variance and co-variance suggested that higher AA scores were associated with normal weight. No significant differences were found regarding DE scores in relationship with the body mass index.Conclusions:Our findings suggest the AA and DE domains show meaningful differences concerning the relationship with body mass index. Lower apathy-avolition levels are associated with higher body mass index in chronic stable schizophrenia patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".