An Extreme Case of a Misaligned Highly Flattened Wind in the Wolf-Rayet Binary CX Cephei
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CX Cep (WR 151) is the WR+O binary (WN5+O5V) with the second shortest period known in our Galaxy. To examine the circumstellar matter distribution and to better constraint the orbital parameters and mass-loss rate of the WR star, we obtained broadband and multi-band (i.e. UBVRI) linear polarization observations of the system. Our analysis of the phase-locked polarimetric modulation confirms the high orbital inclination of the system (i.e. $i=65^o$). Using the orbital solution of Lewis et al. (1993) we obtain masses of $33.9 M_{\odot}$ and $23.9 M_{\odot}$ for the O and WR stars respectively, which agree with their spectral types. A simple polarimetric model accounting for finite stellar size effects allowed us to derive a mass-loss rate for the WR star of $0.3-0.5\times10^{-5} M_{\odot}/yr$. This result was remarkably independent of the model's input parameters and favors an earlier spectral type for the WR component (i.e. WN4). Finally, using our multi-band observations, we fitted and subtracted from our data the interstellar polarization. The resulting constant intrinsic polarization of $3-4%$ is misaligned in relation to the orbital plane (i.e. $θ_{CIP}=26^o$ vs. $Ω=75^o$) and is the highest intrinsic polarization ever observed for a WR star. This misalignment points towards a rotational (or magnetic) origin for the asymmetry and contradicts the most recent evolutionary models for massive stars (Meynet & Maeder 2003) which predict spherically symmetric winds during the WR phase (i.e. $CIP=0%$).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".