The Importance of Broad Thermal Tolerance in the Sea Lamprey's Successful Invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) invaded the Laurentian Great Lakes in the late 1800-early1900s through man-made canals, and devastated fisheries by preying upon salmonid fishes. Native to the Atlantic Ocean, anadromous sea lamprey spend 3-7 years in freshwater streams as filter-feeding larvae before metamorphosing into parasitic juvenile lamprey which migrate to sea and feed on a variety of fishes. Depending upon movements of their hosts, sea lamprey may end up 100-1000s of km from their natal streams when they spawn. For this reason, larval lamprey would likely require physiological flexibility to cope with differences in the water quality and temperature of novel habitats. We sought to test the hypothesis that broad thermal tolerance was key to the sea lamprey’s establishment in the Great Lakes. Thermal performance studies using intermittent-flow respirometry revealed that larval sea lamprey had low standard metabolic rates (SMR; ~1.0 μmol O2 g-1 h-1 ) and were relatively robust to changes in temperature as demonstrated by Q10 values of ~1.75 between 10-20°C and ~2.0 between 21-25°C. Aerobic metabolic scope (AMS) ranged from 6.6- 10.9 μmol O2 g-1 h-1 between 6-25°C, with a thermal optima of 26.6°C where AMS averaged 15.8 μmol O2 g-1 h-1. Depending upon acclimation temperature, CTmax values were between 33.3-35.2°C. Relatively high temperatures (~24-26°C) were also required to induce greater mRNA expression of cellular stress response proteins (E.g. JUN, HSP90B1; SERPINH1A). We conclude that a broad thermal tolerance contributed to the successful invasion of the Great Lakes by sea lamprey, and that further range shifts are possible with climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".