Low temperatures typical of winter cage-site conditions in Atlantic Canada impact the growth, physiology, health and welfare of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Limited research has been conducted on the physiology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at cold temperatures despite significant mortalities during the winter at sea-cages in Atlantic Canada. Thus, in this thesis, I exposed post-smolt cultured Atlantic salmon to a seasonal decline in temperature from 8 to 1°C (at 1°C week-1), and a ‘cold-shock’ from 3 to 0°C for 4 or 24 hours. During the seasonal decline in temperature, feeding decreased starting at 6°C (and ceased by 1-2°C), osmoregulatory changes and increases in heat shock protein expression began at 4-5°C, and at 1°C elevated plasma cortisol levels indicative of mild stress were measured. The ‘cold-shocks’ resulted in a relatively small stress response (i.e., increases in plasma cortisol and glucose), but no other adverse effects or mortalities. Nonetheless, a number of mortalities/moribund fish were noted when various groups of Atlantic salmon were held for long periods at < 8°C. Moribund fish were lethargic and swam erratically, had enlarged livers and plasma enzymes suggestive of liver damage, and developed ulcers to the head/jaw. The former symptoms are indicative of ‘Winter Syndrome’ described in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) aquaculture, and these ulcers have previously been observed in Norway and associated with tenacibaculosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".