Endothelial and leukocyte-derived microvesicles and cardiovascular risk after stroke: PROSCIS-B
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To determine the role of circulating endothelial microvesicles (EMV) and microvesicles (MV) of other origins on long-term cardiovascular outcomes after stroke, we measured them in a cohort of first-ever stroke patients and observed them for three years. Methods: In the PROSpective Cohort with Incident Stroke Berlin (PROSCIS-B), patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were followed for three years. The primary combined endpoint consisted of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. Levels of EMV, leukocyte-derived MV (LMV), monocytic MV (MMV), and platelet-derived MV (PMV) were measured in citrate blood using flow cytometry. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of MV levels on the combined endpoint after adjustment confounding. Results: 571 patients were recruited (median age 69y; 39% female; median NIHSS 2, interquartile range 1-4). During the follow-up, 95 endpoints occurred. Patients with levels of EMV [adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.9] or LMV (HR=3.1, 95%CI 1.4-6.8) in the highest quartile were more likely to experience an event than participants with lower levels using the lowest quartile as reference category. The association was less pronounced for PMV (HR=1.7, 95%CI 0.9-3.2) and absent for MMV (HR=1.1, 95%CI 0.6-1.8). Conclusion: High levels of EMV and LMV after ischemic stroke were associated with worse cardiovascular outcome within three years. These results reinforce that endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation affect the long-term prognosis after stroke. EMV and LMV might play a potential role in risk prediction for stroke patients.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it