Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spirinia parasitifera (Bastian, 1865) Figs 11, 12, Table 2 Spira parasitifera Bastian, 1865: 159. Spiliphera oxycephala Bütschli, 1874: 47. Spirinia nidrosiensis Allgén, 1933: 60. Material examined 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ and 3 juveniles, deposited in the nematode collection at Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, CUBA. Description Cuticle finely striated in the anterior region (annuli ~ 1 μm width) but even narrower in the mid-body and tail region. Inner and outer labial sensilla papilliform (1–2 μm long), four cephalic setae (7–10 μm long) at level of amphidial fovea. Amphidial fovea cryptospiral located forward in the head (<6 μm from apex). Eight longitudinal rows of somatic setae decreasing in length from the cervical region (7–10 μm long) to papillae at mid-body and tail region. Pharynx muscular with posterior bulb and internal lining sclerotized. Cardia inconspicuous. Secretory-excretory system not observable. Tail conical, last portion without striations. Male monorchic; spicules strongly bent, with capitulum, gubernaculum a bent rod dorsally oriented; without precloacal supplements. Female didelphic, amphidelphic with reflexed ovaries, vulva a transversal aperture. Juveniles are similar to adults, except for the development of the reproductive system. Remarks S. parasitifera is a cosmopolitan species recorded from several habitats and biogeographical regions. Coles (1987) noted that the main differences among populations from widely divergent coasts (England, Canada and USA) were the shape of the proximal end of the spicules and the body size. He reported that specimens from warmer waters (Florida) had smaller body size (males: 1650–2150 µm; females: 1650–1910 µm) compared to specimens from temperate waters (males: 2000–3300 µm; females: 2020–3180 µm). However, our specimens from a tropical area (Caribbean Sea) had body size closer to those from colder waters (males: 1854–3570 µm; females: 2803–3796 µm). Therefore, a negative relationship between water temperature and body size is not plausible for this species. For some species we studied in this paper this negative relationships is supported (e.g., Acanthopharynx denticulatus, Paradesmodora immersa) but not for other (e.g., Spirinia parasitifera, Chromaspirina inaurita). The considerable geographic variation in the morphology of S. parasitifera suggests the existence of cryptic species within this nominal species. Another rare sympatric species, belonging to the genus Spirinia, has been recorded in our samples with only two specimens. The species was characterized by the small body size (male: 686 µm; female: 684 µm) and two kinds of somatic setae (long: 28–35 μm and short 5–8 μm). It is closer to S. gnaigeri Ott, 1977 (Ott 1977: 134); however, body size of type specimens in Ott (1972) is larger (males: 860– 913 µm; females: 836–955 µm) and the length of both somatic setae shorter (long setae: 20–22 µm; short setae: 4–5 µm). However, more specimens should be examined in order to evaluate if this is really a new species of Spirinia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".