Bibliographic record
Abstract
<i>Holostrophus bifasciatus</i> (Say, 1824) (Figs 3, 10, 15, 19, 27) <i>Eustrophus bifasciatus</i> Say, 1824: 282.— Melsheimer, 1853: 143; Blatchley, 1910: 1293; Leng, 1920: 238; Csiki, 1924: 9; Poole and Gentili, 1996: 299; LeSage, 1991: 246; Nikitsky, 1998: plate 9, figs 1-2; Young and Pollock, 2002: 416; Majka and Pollock, 2006: 53. Neotype (here designated), sex unknown, labelled “[faded pink circle] / E. bifasciatus Say 4-maculatus Mels.”, in MCZ (LeConte collection). <i>Eustrophus 4-maculatus</i> Melsheimer, 1846: 58.— Csiki, 1924: 9; Poole and Gentili, 1996: 299; LeSage, 1991: 246. <b>Diagnosis</b> <i>Holostrophus bifasciatus</i> is the only Nearctic species of Eustrophinae with a distinct, quadrimaculate elytral color pattern. <b>Description</b> TL 4.1-5.5 mm; GEW 1.9-2.5 mm. Body (Fig. 3) elongate oval, distinctly tapered posteriorly; dorsal color dark rufous to almost black; in most specimens, color of pronotum lighter than color of elytra; elytra with 4 yellow-red, subquadrate maculae: anterior pair near humeri and not attaining suture, posterior pair in apical third of elytra, attaining suture in some specimens; antennomeres uniformly rufous in color, antennomere 11 slightly lighter in color than preceding articles; venter uniformly dark rufous; dorsal pubescence relatively short, inconspicuous; eyes (Fig. 10) widely separated (space> 3x length of antennomere 1), inner margin of eye moderately deeply emarginate; antennae (Fig. 19) relatively short, antennomeres 7-11 distinctly widened; antennomere 7 triangular, 8-10 distinctly wider than long; antennal sensilla completely annular (as in Fig. 25); last maxillary palpomere slightly widened, subsecuriform; procoxal process elongate, spatulate distally, extended to past posterior margin of procoxae, bent dorsally at distal end; prothoracic episternal suture absent; elytral punctation fine, not arranged in longitudinal striae; meso- and metatibiae with scattered short spines, oblique ridges absent (Fig. 16). <b>Distribution</b> (Fig. 27) <i>Holostrophus bifasciatus</i> is an eastern species; in Canada, specimens have been collected from west of Lake Superior in northwestern Ontario, east to Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Most Canadian specimens are known from southern Ontario and Quebec. Th e species is very widespread in the eastern half of the United States, almost entirely east of the Mississippi. US distribution: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV. <b>Natural history</b> Label data: <i>Laetiporus sulphureus</i> (AR); ex polypore in pine logs (AR); <i>Trametes versicolor</i> (AR); <i>Schizopora paradoxa</i> (AR); BLT (June, AL); ex polypore on cherry tree (AR); under loose pine bark (DE); under pine bark (GA); Malaise trap (March, June, GA); oak log (IL); sugar trap (May, IL); UV light (April, IL); flight trap (Aug-Sept, IL). According to Chantal (1985), specimens of <i>H</i>. <i>bifasciatus</i> have been taken under bark of dead <i>Pinus strobus</i> on which was growing polypore fungi, as well as from <i>Polyporus betulinus</i>. <b>Material examined</b> Specimens were examined from the following Canadian localities: <b>ONTARIO:</b> Arnprior, 26.V.1935, W.J. Brown, (CNC, 12); Essex Co., Windsor Ojibway Prairie, 7.VIII.2001, S. Paiero, Sweeps, (DEBU, 1); Jeannette Creek, 3.VIII.1965, (FSCA, 1); Ottawa, (CNC, 6); same locality, (CUIC, 1); Peel Co., Port Credit, 10.IV.1966, I.M. Smith, (ROME, 1); Tillsonburg, 11.VII.1958, (CNC, 1); Toronto, 20.XI.1895, R.J. Crew, (CUIC, 1); no other data, (DEBU, 3); London, W. Saunders, (DEBU, 1); Ridgeway, (DEBU, 2). <b>QUEBEC:</b> Gatineau, Aylmer, 17.V.1992, Y. Bousquet, in flight, (SLC, 1). <b>PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND:</b> Queens Co., St. Patricks, 25.VI.2003, C.G. Majka, coniferous forest, (CGMC, 2). <b>NOVA SCOTIA:</b> Halifax Co., Pt. Pleasant Park, 15.VII.2001, C.G. Majka, mixed forest, deciduous vegetation, (CGMC, 1).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".