Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phyllonorycter argentinotella (Clemens, 1859) (Figs. 27–29) L.[ithocolletis] argentinotella Clemens 1859: 319, 325. Phyllonorycter argentinotella (Clemens) — Davis 1983: 10. Leaf mine. Normally underside tentiform (Figs. 27–28); a single specimen was reportedly reared from an uppersurface mine. Hosts. Ulmaceae: Ulmus alata Michx., U. americana L., U. rubra Muhl. Distribution. Canada: ON, QC; USA: CT, IA, IL, KY, MA, NC, PA, VT. Review. The first records of this species are from Pennsylvania and Kentucky, where Chambers (1871d) reared it from underside tentiform mines on Ulmus americana; Clemens (1859) had no information about the host or larval biology when he described the species. Chambers (1875c) reported rearing a single adult from an upper-surface mine that was otherwise identical to the usual underside mines. All subsequent records indicate that this species forms underside tentiform mines, including those of Frey & Boll (1873) from U. americana and U. rubra (as U. fulva Michx.). Phyllonorycter argentinotella is also recorded from Massachusetts (Hagen 1884), Illinois (Godfrey et al. 1987), Connecticut (Maier & Davis 1989), Vermont (Grehan et al. 1995), Quebec (Handfield 1997), and Ontario (Pohl et al. 2018). In Winneshiek Co., Iowa, CSE has reared this species from Ulmus sp. (Figs. 27–29). In North Carolina (Scotland and Wake Cos.), CSE and T.S. Feldman have reared it from U. alata. Comments. Maier & Davis (1989) stated that this species is apparently bivoltine, citing collections of mines in Connecticut from 26 June to 15 July and from 28 September to 28 October. Consistent with these observations, Godfrey et al. (1987) reported adult flight dates in Illinois of 23–25 May (including a reared specimen that overwintered as a pupa) and 5 August, with a reared specimen emerging on 25 August. In North Carolina, mines have been collected on 21 June and 19 July with adults emerging on 23 June and 3 August, respectively, and mines of the last generation have been collected as early as 1 September with adults emerging the following spring. T.S. Feldman collected one underside tentiform mine on U. alata in Scotland Co. as early as 20 May, but the adult that emerged on 1 June proved to be P. occitanica (Frey & Boll), a species originally reared from U. rubra (as Ulmus fulva) in Texas (Frey & Boll 1876) and with no subsequent literature records. In our experience the mine of P. occitanica is smooth to very finely wrinkled on the lower surface, whereas that of P. argentinotella has several to many distinct creases and may cause a significant buckling or folding of the leaf (Figs. 27–28).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".