Bibliographic record
Abstract
BLATTODEA (COCKROACHES) Figure 7A Two pieces of amber, AMNH WH-12 and AMNH WH-11, contain fragmentary remains of small roaches, probably nymphs. WH-12 contains a portion of one leg: apical portion of the femur and the entire tibia and tarsus. The tibia has 18 spinelike setae (including a pair of apical tibial spurs), in roughly four longitudinal rows. WH-11 contains portions of three legs and an antenna, all very dark and surrounded by a dark reddish “halo” of pyritization/oxidation. One leg is preserved as a portion of a femur; the tarsi and portions of the tibia are preserved for the other two legs. Approximately 30 filiform flagellomeres are preserved; the basal ones short (lengths about twice the width), gradually increasing in length distad to about five times the width. Leg segments of WH-11 are shorter than in WH-12, and tarsomere four has a long ventral lobe. Thus, there appears to be two taxa of roaches. Though these specimens cannot be identified to family or superfamily, they are clearly Blattodea based on the antennal structure and the tibial spines, which further have minute serrations on the ventral margin. The fossil record and natural history of roaches are reviewed by Grimaldi and Engel (2005). The natural distribution of Blattodea worldwide is almost entirely tropical to warm temperate; pest species reach higher latitudes in association with human habitations. Of the 69 species of roaches in North America, 24 are introduced from other regions, and only three native species (Parcoblatta pensylvanica, P. uhleriana, and P. virginica) have distributions that extend into southernmost Ontario and Québec (Vickery and McKevan, 1985; Atkinson et al., 1991). The roaches are the most obvious example in Chickaloon amber of a taxon that has retreated from high northern latitudes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.061 | 0.023 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".