Prosimulium magnum Dyar & Shannon 1927
Bibliographic record
Abstract
MAGNUM species-group Prosimulium albionense Rothfels Rothfels (1956, drawing of IIIS, original description of species [as per Adler, Currie & Wood 2004, p. 278], photo of partial chromosome II): [Canada] Ottonen (1964, 1966, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawing of CIII region; idiogram; photos of CIII region, IIIS, and IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. magnum [X0X c, X0 Y c, X c X c, X c Y 1, X c Y 3, X c Y 5, and Epd segregates only]): Canada, USA Ottonen & Nambiar (1969, characterization, cytodendrogram, hybrids with P. magnum [as P. magnum ‘form 1’] and P. multidentatum, photos of IIIS and hybrid complement with P. multidentatum, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIS, IL + IIL]; as P. albionense, P. magnum ‘form 3’ and ‘intermediate Y c X0’): Canada, USA Rothfels (1980, idiogram of hybrid with P. multidentatum): [North America] Rothfels & Nambiar (1981, characterization, backcross hybrids with P. multidentatum, hybrids with P. magnum [as P. magnum ‘form 1’] and P. multidentatum, idiograms of male and backcross and F1 hybrids with P. multidentatum, photo of backcross hybrid with P. multidentatum): USA Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, possible sibling species, Y-chromosome polymorphisms): USA Prosimulium canutum Adler, Currie & Wood Ottonen & Nambiar (1969, characterization, cytodendrogram, hybrids with P. magnum [as P. magnum ‘form 1’] and P. multidentatum, photo of IIS, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIS, IL + IIL]; as P. magnum ‘form 2’): USA Rothfels & Nambiar (1981, characterization, backcross hybrids with P. multidentatum, hybrids with P. magnum [as P. magnum ‘form 1’] and P. multidentatum; as P. magnum ‘form 2’): USA Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Ottonen & Nambiar’s 1969 P. magnum ‘form 2’, notes on revised inversion breakpoints): USA Prosimulium caudatum Shewell Ottonen (1964, 1966, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; photos of CI region, IIS, IIL, IIIS, and IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Canada, USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Prosimulium constrictistylum Peterson Ottonen (1964, 1966, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, photo of IIIS, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. ‘X’): Canada Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): [Canada] Prosimulium dicentum Dyar & Shannon Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization by comparison with P. dicum, chromosomal characters in larval key, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Prosimulium dicum Dyar & Shannon Ottonen (1964, 1966, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; photos of CI region, IS and IIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. di c um [X0 Y 0 and X0 Y 1 segregates only]): Canada, USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America Prosimulium exigens Dyar & Shannon Ottonen (1964, 1966, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, photos of CI region and IS, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. di c um [X0 Y 2 and X0 Y 3 segregates only]): Canada, USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, probable sibling species, Y-chromosome polymorphisms): USA Prosimulium flaviantennus (Stains & Knowlton) Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization by comparison with P. constrictistylum, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Prosimulium impostor Peterson Ottonen (1964, 1966, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. ‘Y’): Canada Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): [Canada] Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, notes on chromocenter and Y-chromosome polymorphisms): USA Prosimulium longirostrum Currie, Adler & Wood Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, original description of species, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Prosimulium magnum Dyar & Shannon Ottonen (1964, 1966, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawing of CIII region; idiogram; photos of all arms, CIII region, and ectopic pairing; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; whole-arm interchange [IS + IIS, IL + IIL]; as P. magnum [X0X0 and X0 Y 0 segregates only]): USA Carlsson (1966, photos of IS, IL, and IIL): [North America] Ottonen & Nambiar (1969, characterization, cytodendrogram, hybrids with P. canutum [as P. magnum ‘form 2’], P. albionense [as P. magnum ‘form 3’], and P. multidentatum, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIS, IL + IIL]; as P. magnum ‘form 1’): USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. magnum [X0 Y 0 segregate only]): North America Rothfels (1980, de novo inter-nonhomologue interchanges): [North America] Rothfels & Nambiar (1981, characterization, hybrids with P. albionense [as P. magnum ‘form 3’] and P. canutum [as P. magnum ‘form 2’]; as P. magnum ‘form 1’): USA Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on Y-chromosome polymorphism): USA Prosimulium multidentatum (Twinn) Rothfels (1956, description; drawing of IIIS; idiogram; photo of partial chromosome II): North America Ottonen (1964, 1966, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawing of partial IIL; idiogram; photos of metaphase complement, IL, IIS, IIL, IIIS, IIIL, and chromocenter; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; whole-arm interchange [IS + IIS, IL + IIL]): Canada, USA Carlsson (1966, photos of IIS, IIL, and IIIL): [North America] Ottonen & Nambiar (1969, characterization, cytodendrogram, photo of hybrid complement with P. albionense [as P. magnum ‘form 3’], resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIS, IL + IIL]): Canada, USA Rothfels & Nambiar (1975, characterization; meiotic bridges by chiasma formation; photos of anaphase, metaphase, pachytene, low-magnification polytene complement, and sex chromosomes; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Canada, USA Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America Rothfels (1980, idiogram of hybrid with P. albionense [as P. magnum ‘III’]): [North America] Rothfels & Nambiar (1981, characterization, backcross and F1 hybrids with P. albionense [as P. magnum ‘form 3’] and P. canutum [as P. magnum ‘form 2’], idiograms of male and backcross and F1 hybrids with P. albionense [as P. magnum ‘form 3’], photo of backcross hybrid with P. albionense [as P. magnum ‘form 3’]): USA Prosimulium uinta Peterson & DeFoliart Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Prosimulium unicum (Twinn) Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA Prosimulium yezoense Shiraki Adler, Huang & Takaoka (2012, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and transformed CI region, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Japan
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".