Bibliographic record
Abstract
Genus Arthroclema Billings, 1865 TYPE SPECIES. — Arthroclema pulchellum Billings, 1865 by original designation. Middle Ordovician, Trenton Limestone; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. DIAGNOSIS. — Colonies branched, with well defined axial stem and alternate secondary and tertiary branches. Sinuous or straight longitudinal ridges separating apertural rows often present. Axial region formed by well defined linear axis. Autozooecia attenuated to weakly inflated at their bases, having subtriangular cross-section in endozone, becoming elliptical in exozone, orientated at angles of 30-90° to colony surface. Diaphragms rare to absent. Exozonal wall material well developed, with narrow zooecial boundaries. Metazooecia absent.Paurostyles scattered to common, usually developed on ridges. OCCURRENCE. — Middle to Upper Ordovician; North America, Europe. COMPARISON Arthroclema Billings, 1865 is similar to Helopora Hall in Silliman, Silliman & Dana, 1851, but differs from it in lacking metazooecia with diaphragms and acanthostyles. Arthroclema differs from Ulrichostylus Bassler, 1952 in wall structure with distinct zooecial boundaries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".