A Cross-Sectional Study On Association of Vitamin D Levels with Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is worryingly highly prevalent among patients with osteoarthritis and is associated with worsening joint pain and functional decline. Vitamin D reduces bone turnover and cartilage degradation, thus potentially preventing the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis formerly characteristics, history of chronic illnesses, drugs including vitamin D and calcium supplementation, duration of daily sunshine exposure, prior or current involvement in sports, alcohol and smoking. Objectives of the study: The aim and objectives of our study were to estimate serum vitamin D levels in subjects with osteoarthritis and to correlate vitamin D levels with severity of symptoms of osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: We included a total of 120 in the age group of 40-60 years diagnosed patients of osteoarthritis using American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria. A questionnaire captured patient demographics and clinical characteristics. Joint pain, stiffness and physical function severity were assessed and graded based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). We determined serum vitamin D levels by electrochemilumniscence immunoassay. Results: In the present study, we included 120 diagnosed cases of Osteoarthritis, out of which 102 were females and 18 were males respectively accounting for 85% and 9% respectively. In our study 94 subjects belong to age group >50 years and 26 were aged <50 years accounting for 78% and 21.66% respectively. We found that 52 patients had family history of OA and 68 patients had no history of OA accounting for 43.3% and 56.6% respectively. Chronic disease status was evaluated, we found that 70 were diabetic and 50 were hypertensive accounting for 58.33% and 41.66 % respectively. Similarly, BMI was evaluated, we found that 42 patients had BMI in the range of overweight and 56 were obese. Laboratory investigations were performed using random blood sample for the estimation of plasma vitamin D and ionised calcium. We found that 112 (93.3%) patients had normal serum calcium levels, out of 120 patients 44 (36.66%) had sufficient vitamin D levels, 54 (45%) had insufficient levels and 22 (18.33%) had deficiency of vitamin D. We evaluated clinical presentation in these patients, we found that 118 (98.33%) had pain in knee, 82 (68.33%) had morning stiffness, 46 (38.33%) had crepitus on active movement, 44 (36.66%) had tenderness over knee, 12 (10%) had bony enlargement and 8 (6.66%) had palpable warmth over knee. We correlated vitamin D levels with joint symptoms, we found no significance existed between vitamin D levels and pain in knee, morning stiffness, physical function and total WOMAC. Conclusion: In the present study, we did not find statistically significant correlation between vitamin D levels and severity of osteoarthritis. Further studies are required with more sample size to confirm our findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".