Bibliographic record
Abstract
19. Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. Figs 3C, 12A, B Moquin-Tandon, Chenop. monogr. enum.: 23 (1840). - Described from Mexico. C. berlandieri subsp. zschackei (Murr) A. Zobel (1909). F teksasinsavikka. N texasmelde. S texasmålla. Therophyte (summer-annual). 30-70(-200) cm. Stem subangular, pale yellow, often striped, sometimes with small red spots in the axils, rarely reddish, hard, erect, branched in the upper part. Leaves with petiole c. 2/3 the length of the blade; blade suborbicular, broadly ovate or ovate to rhombic or trullate (sometimes narrow), 2-6 cm, green to yellowish, ± farinose; base ± cuneate; apex acuminate (except in the lowermost and sometimes in the widest leaves); each margin with 1-2 obtuse, sometimes lobe-like teeth at about the middle, entire in the basal half and entire to few-toothed in the apical part. Bracts elliptic or ovate to lanceolate, entire or sometimes slightly 3-lobed; apex distinctly acuminate; margin entire. Inflorescences bracteate close to the top, often whitish-farinose especially when young, spike-like to narrowly panicle-like; glomerules usually dense. Flowers bisexual or female. Tepals 5, connate halfway, farinose, winged, with wide membranous margin; apex obtuse to acute. Stamens 5. Stigmas 2, to 1 mm. Seed orbicular in outline, 1.2-1.5 mm; edge rounded; seed-coat black, distinctly honeycomb-pitted. - Summer to autumn. [2n=36] Distribution and habitat. Casual (grain mills, ports, railway areas, poultry farms and tips), mainly brought in with grain from North America. - D first record from 1916; NJy �lborg, ØJy Horsens, Vejle, �rhus, SJy �benr�, FyL Assens, Middelfart and Svendborg, Sjæ numerous records from c. 9 localities, especially in the Køben havn area, LFM Maribo, Nykøbing. N several records since 1907, mainly 1959 onwards, from Ak Oslo, Vf Larvik (grain mill), Te Skien and Porsgrunn, AA Arendal, VA Kristiansand (refuse tips), Ro Klepp and Stavanger (grain mill), Ho Ølen, Odda, Bergen and Lindås (poultry farms), SF Jølster (field manured with poultry farm or mill refuse), ST Skaun and Trondheim (grain mills). S Sk c. 10 localities 1908-35, �hus 1986, Kim Kalmar 1917, 1923, SmI Nässjö 1923, HI Halmstad 1917, Falkenberg 1925, BhG many records in the Göte borg area 1902-61, Srm Nyköping 1903, 1911 (with cotton from Texas), Nacka numerous records 1913-31, Stockholm 1922, Upl Järfälla 1915, Sollentuna 1925, Stockholm several records 1917-30, Uppsala 1926, 1929, Mpd Timrå 1889, 1903. F since 1930 (mainly 1950's and 1970's) records from VTurku 1959, Naantali 1975-99, Raisio 1947, U Helsinki 1930-99, St Loimaa 1994, EH Nokia 1983, EP Vaasa, Kn Hyrynsalmi 1985 (road bank) and InL Utsjoki (road bank sown with North American grass seed). I IVe Reykjavik 1946, INo Akureyri 1950. Chenopodium strictum subsp. strictum Chenopodium berlandieri North America; in Europe anthropochorous. Biology. Rarely forming ripe seed in Norden. Taxonomy. Chenopodium berlandieri is widespread and morphologically variable in North America; several races have been described. Most of the plants collected in Norden (and all over Europe) have been referred to subsp. zschackei (Murr) A. Zobel, which is also the most widespread race in North America and the only one reported from Canada. However, the variation has not been sufficiently studied in North America, and the use of infraspecific names for European casual material is premature. The relationship between C. berlandieri and C. hircinum (20) should be studied (Bassett & Crompton 1982); both are tetraploids with 2n=36. Similar taxa. Chenopodium berlandieri in fruit is easily recognized by the honeycomb-pitted seeds. - In the vegetative state sometimes taken for C. album (15) or C. opulifolium (21), but distinguished from both by the combination of yellowish stem, distinctly acuminate and relatively long leaf-blades with few teeth, and winged tepals. - Sometimes also similar to C. hircinum (20), but not stinking and with narrower, less distinctly 3-lobed leaf-blades.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.053 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".