Bibliographic record
Abstract
136. Woodland Vole Microtus pinetorum French: Campagnol sylvestre / German: Kiefernwiihimaus / Spanish: Topillo de bosque Other common names: Mole Mouse, Pine Mouse, Pine Vole Taxonomy. Psammomys pinetorum Le Conte, 1830, “pine forests of Georgia.” Interpreted by V. Bailey in 1900 as “probably the old LeConte plantation near Riceboro,” Georgia. Seven subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M.p.pinetorumLeConte,1830—SVirgin-1a,extremeETennessee,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,SEMississippi,SAlabama,andmostofGeorgia,USA. M.p.auricularisBailey,1898—SIndiana,SWOhio,extremeSEMissouri,mostofKentucky,E&SArkansas,mostofTennessee,ETexas,Louisiana,Mississippi,NAlabama,andNWGeorgia,USA. M.p.carbonariusHandley,1952—extremeSEOhio,extremeWWestVirginia,EKentucky,andETennessee,USA. M.p.nemoralisBailey,1898—extremeSEMinnesota,SWWisconsin,Iowa,SENebraska,EKansas,Missouri,EOklahoma,Arkansas,andNETexas,USA. M.p.parvulusA.H.Howell,1916—SGeorgiaandNFlorida,USA. M.p.scalopsoidesAudubon&Bachman,1841—extremeSOntarioandextremeSQuebec,Canada,andfromSWisconsinandIllinoisEtotheAtlanticcoastfromextremeSWMainetoSVirginia,USA. M. p. schmidti H. H. T. Jackson, 1941 — WC Wisconsin, USA. Descriptive notes. Head—body 63-110 mm, tail 17-25 mm, hindfoot 13-19 mm; weight 25-38 g. Dorsal pelage of the Woodland Vole is smooth, silky, and russet brown to brownish chestnut, with black-tipped hair on rump and back; venteris dull gray; and color variants have been noted, including albinos. Tail is short and indistinctly bicolored. Body shape is tubular, and ears and eyes are small—adaptations for semi-fossorial burrowing. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 62, FN = 62. Habitat. Near deciduous forests (e.g. beech-maple-oak associations) and other wooded areas with evergreen shrubs, herbaceous understory, and logs and often where soils are moist and loose enough for burrowing. Apple orchards in eastern North America are reportedly excellent habitat for Woodland Voles. Food and Feeding. Woodland Voles commonly eat tree roots, bulbs, seeds, fruits, and herbaceous plants. They sometimes damage agricultural crops, including commercial orchards by eating tree bark and saplings, sweet and white potatoes, peanuts, and lily bulbs. Breeding. Woodland Voles breed in February-November, and breeding season is longer in southern parts of their distribution. Gestation is 20-24 days. Female have 1-4 litters/year, each with 1-5 young. Variation in litter size might be affected by light intensity, forage quality, and size of pregnant females. Lactation averages 20 days, and young are weaned at 17-21 days. Nests are constructed under downed logs, below leaf litter, or in burrows. Activity patterns. Woodland Voles are active year-round and primarily during the day, although nocturnal activity has been noted. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Daily movements of Woodland Voles are confined to vicinities of their burrow systems; burrows may be occupied by multiple individuals. Home ranges are c.0-1 ha. Woodland Voles tend to be sparsely distributed in natural habitats; densities usually are highest in orchards during autumn. Average density is up to 2-4 ind/ha; densities can increase up to 15 ind/ha and are likely higher in orchards. Woodland Voles are not thought to be territorial and reportedly occur in loose social groups. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Bradley, Ammerman etal. (2014), Hall (1981), Linzey & NatureServe (Hammerson) (2008), Miller & Getz (1969), Musser & Carleton (2005), Smolen (1981), Whitaker & Hamilton (1998).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.034 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".