Microstructure-property relations in as-atomized and as-extruded Sn-Cu (-Ag) solder alloys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rapidly solidified Sn-based solder alloys can provide metallurgical features such as low segregation and fine intermetallic compounds (IMCs). These features can be obtained in a controlled way by Impulse Atomization that provides powders of various sizes corresponding to a variety of cooling rates and undercoolings to which diverse microstructures are associated. In the present investigation, rapid solidification of Sn-0.7 wt%Cu and Sn-0.7 wt%Cu-3.0 wt%Ag alloys have been examined through the production of a wide size range of impulse atomized powders. The microstructures and hardness resulting from the generated powders have been compared with those of directionally solidified (DS) specimens. Regular cells > dendrites and reverse dendrites > cells transitions were identified, and high-speed eutectic cells were found to prevail for the examined Sn-0.7 wt%Cu powders of size smaller than 300 μm. It is shown that the Vickers microhardness of the ternary Sn-3.0 wt%Ag-0.7 wt%Cu alloy is directly influenced by both the presence of tertiary dendrite arms (λ3) and the cooling rate/powder size dependent eutectic fraction. Also, compaction and extrusion of the atomized powders were carried out in order to consolidate the samples so that tensile tests could be carried out. Tensile strength and ductility of samples corresponding to different powder sizes and compositions were thus measured and the results are found to be consistent with their microstructures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".