Reconstructing the Variscan basement under the West Iberian Margin and the Newfoundland conjugate margin: exploring the role of tectonic inheritance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Variscan–Alleghanian Orogen was broken apart by the Mesozoic opening of the Atlantic Ocean. The result is a complex structure that presents a challenge to the reconstruction of the orogen, often leading to models that may not fully account for the overprinting extensional system. Remnants of the Variscan–Alleghenian Orogen at present are encountered in onshore Iberia and the Atlantic board of Canada, and offshore in the West Iberian Margin (WIM) and the Newfoundland Margin (NFM). These conjugate margins (WIM and NFM) exhibit strong structural variability along strike. While previous studies have explored inherited crustal structure, the precise link between the pre-rift crustal structure and the Variscan orogen remains unexplored. We restore offshore domains to their pre-rift state and analyse how basement characteristics, inferred from geophysical properties, correlate with the development of extension in the conjugate margins. We estimated the amount of extension of the margins, how it partitioned into the upper and lower crust, and how this balanced with the overall crustal extension. This study correlates onshore and offshore basement domains and provides a novel reconstruction of the Variscan–Alleghenian Orogen across the central Atlantic Ocean. The proposed zonation of the Variscan–Alleghenian basement suggests an oblique orogenic system to the rift, offering new insights into the variability along strike in the WIM–NFM conjugate system and highlights the importance of understanding the Variscan basement and Avalonian terranes' lithological composition and its influence on rift geometry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".