Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context. Supercluster A in the extragalactic H ii region NGC 2363 is remarkable for the hypersonic gas seen as faint extended broad emission lines with a full-width zero intensity of 7000 ${\rm km\,s^{-1}}$. Aims. We explore the possibility that the observed broad profiles are the result of the interaction of a high-velocity cluster wind with dense photoionized clumps. Methods. The geometry considered is that of near static photoionized condensations at the surface of which turbulent mixing layers arise as a result of the interaction with the hot wind. The approximative treatment of turbulence was carried out using the mixing length approach of Cantó & Raga. The code mappings ic was used to derive the mean quantities describing the flow and to compute the line emissivities within the turbulent layers. The velocity projection in three dimensions of the line sources was carried out analytically. Results. A fast entraining wind of up to ≈$ 4300\,$${\rm km\,s^{-1}}$ appears to be required to reproduce the faint wings of the broad Hα and [O iii] profiles. A slower wind of 3500 ${\rm km\,s^{-1}}$, however, can still reproduce the bulk of the broad component and does provide a better fit than an ad hoc Gaussian profile. Conclusions. Radial acceleration in 3D (away from supercluster A) of the emission gas provides a reasonable first-order fit to the broad line component. No broad component is predicted for the [N ii] and [S ii] lines, as observed. The wind velocity required is uncomfortably high and alternative processes that would provide comparable constant acceleration of the emission gas up to 4000 ${\rm km\,s^{-1}}$ might have to be considered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".