Gasoline Pricing in Alberta: Contributing Factors and an Investigation of Policy Alternatives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gasoline prices in Canada have risen an alarming 57%1 on average since January 2021; Calgary and Edmonton have both faced gasoline price increases of just over 60%2. These increased costs in addition to overall inflation are creating a major financial burden for many Albertans, particularly lower income Albertans. The rise in gasoline prices is primarily due to the rise in the price of crude oil. The price of crude oil has skyrocketed due to Russia’s war in Ukraine, pent up demand from the COVID-19 pandemic and lower than normal inventory levels (USEIA 2022c). The price of gasoline includes not only the cost of crude oil but also of refining it into gasoline, taxes on gasoline and the cost of selling gasoline to consumers. Many provinces in Canada and countries in the world are providing relief to consumers through temporarily lowering or cancelling gasoline excise taxes. Effective April 1, 2022 Alberta temporarily stopped collecting its $0.13/L gasoline excise tax estimated to cost taxpayers $1.3B over three months (Black 2022). Other policy alternatives include letting market forces occur and not doing anything to mitigate high gasoline prices, providing subsidies to vehicle registrants, providing subsidies to low income households and regulating the price of gasoline.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".