Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome: Report of Three Cases and Literature Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is currently considered to be a non-genetic disorder and a relatively rare clinical condition that is characterized endoscopically by multiple polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and clinically manifested by gastrointestinal symptoms, skin pigmentation, hair loss, and nail loss. In this paper, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment procedures of three patients diagnosed with CCS at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from August 2012 to September 2021 and reviewed the relevant literature. The diagnosis of CCS is based on medical history, physical examination, endoscopic findings of gastrointestinal polyps, and histopathology, with gastrointestinal endoscopy being the most direct means of examination. All three patients presented endoscopically with diffuse multiple polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, had hair and nail loss and were free of HP infection. Moreover, case 1 and case 3 both had reduced serum albumin levels; case 2 and case 3 were negative for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) , case 1 was not checked for ANA. Glucocorticoids and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were the main pharmacological treatments for CCS. Case 1 was not treated with glucocorticoids, but only PPI and supportive treatment, and later developed bloody stools and intestinal necrosis and underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer 6 years after the onset of the disease. Cases 2 and 3 were improved after being treated with prednisone and PPI. Early diagnosis, glucocorticoid-based pharmacotherapy, regular gastrointestinal endoscopy, and new treatment options may contribute to a better prognosis, and the reduction in possibilities of missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis of CCS via improving clinicians' knowledge and understanding of the disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".