Uplift-driven expansion delayed by middle Holocene desiccation in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New findings of paleoenvironmental change in Lake Winnipeg, southern Manitoba, reveal evidence of unexpectedly dry conditions from 7.5 to 4 ka (7500 to 4000 radiocarbon years before present), with reduced lake area in the north and a desiccated lake basin in the south. Changes in extent of this large lake, now ∼400 km long, can be explained by a combination of (1) expansion due to postglacial differential uplift (tilting), and (2) lake-area reduction due to drier climates associated with the former presence of dry-grassland vegetation. Comparing lake areas sustainable by grassland climate with computed potential lake areas based on the assumption of open (overflowing) conditions, we quantify the atmospheric moisture reduction represented by the middle Holocene dry conditions. This approach holds promise for calibrating regional models of climate change and exploring the effects of dry paleoclimates in other large lake basins such as the Laurentian Great Lakes. The ongoing postglacial tilting is of societal concern because it contributes to long-term lakeshore erosion and to the decrease in discharge capacity of the inflowing flood-prone Red River in a populated region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".