Evaluation of anti-pertussis immunogenicity in infants and children after immunization in pregnancy with tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pertussis disease is most severe in young infants. Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine given in pregnancy increases anti-pertussis antibodies transferred to the fetus, protecting young infants from severe pertussis disease. However, infants born to Tdap-vaccinated mothers may experience immunomodulation, leading to decreased antibody responses to their own pertussis vaccines. Many low-to-middle income countries have a high incidence of pertussis disease and deaths in young infants, but Tdap is not recommended due to the lack of data, including data on the use in pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). I evaluated anti-pertussis immunogenicity and antibody avidity in pregnant people living with and without HIV in Uganda that received Tdap in pregnancy, and their newborns. I hypothesized that Tdap-vaccinated pregnant people would have higher anti-pertussis antibodies compared with those that received tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine, and infants born to Tdap-vaccinated mothers would have a modulated antibody response to their pertussis vaccines. Additionally, the impact of different diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine schedules and products on immunomodulation in infants have not been explored. I evaluated 2+1 and 3+1 dose schedules with different vaccine products as a booster in children from Quebec. I hypothesized that children that received a 3+1 dose schedule would have higher antibodies and lower immunomodulation compared with children that received 2+1 doses of DTaP vaccine. Anti-pertussis toxin (PT), -filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and -pertactin (PRN) immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and anti-PT IgG avidity was measured by a modified ELISA. I found that people that received Tdap in pregnancy had higher total anti-PT and anti-FHA IgG concentrations compared to Td-vaccinated pregnant people, regardless of HIV-status. Infants from Tdap-vaccinated mothers had lower anti-PT IgG concentration after their primary series compared with infants from Td-vaccinated mothers, regardless of HIV-exposure. The proportion of antibodies with different avidities was similar between those that received the same vaccine, regardless of HIV-status. Receiving 3+1 doses compared to 2+1 doses of DTaP led to significantly higher total anti-PT, FHA, and PRN IgG concentrations with similar avidity between all groups. Overall, pertussis vaccines increase anti-pertussis antibodies, regardless of HIV-status and age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".