Assessment of Socio-Cultural Determinants for the Spread and Prevention Of HIV/Aids in Hamer Woreda, SNNPR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is primarily perceived as an urban problem. However, the number of people living with HIV in rural areas is considerable. In rural Ethiopia the current HIV prevalence is reckoned to be 3.7%. The available literature as well suggests that about a quarter of the farmers' report sexual relation with commercial sex workers in nearby small towns. The present study had an objective of assessing risks contributing to the spread, prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in Hamer Woreda, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire with supplemental FGD and IDI. About 40% of adults in Hamer were found to spend nights in other locations outside home within the last one month, the commonest reasons for that being marketing trips to urban centers within and the neighboring woredas. Among those who spent nights in town, 45.9% reported having had unprotected sex with local liquor sellers. Other prevailing socio-cultural factors and rituals such as, pre-marital sexual relation ships, multiple sexual practices, extra-marital sexual activity, wife inheritance, "Ivangadi", mass circumcision seem to contribute to the risky behavioral practices to spread of the HIV virus in the community. The comprehensive knowledge of the community about HIV/AIDS was also relatively lower than the recent BSS for pastoralist communities. ix Thus, more extensive health education program through different out lets with due consideration of the deep-rooted cultural and traditional practices of the community is forwarded. Moreover, involvement of the community in the process of bringing about urgent solutions for the prevailing problems is recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".