Distribution and bioaccessibility of metals in soils in public parks in peri-urban Calgary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The concentrations and bioaccessibility of metals in peri-urban area of Calgary, Alberta, were assessed. Soil sampling was performed at 48 locations in public parks and playgrounds in peri-urban areas around the City of Calgary, including Airdrie, Chestermere, the Town of Okotoks, and the Town of Cochrane. The samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In vitro bioaccessibility tests were performed to assess metal bioavailability in a subset of the samples. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed a strong correlation with ICP-MS results. Metal concentrations in the samples analyzed were below the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment soil quality guidelines for residential/parkland use with mean bioaccessibility between 1.4% and 65.9%. Therefore, the potential risk was deemed low based on the metal concentrations and bioaccessibility values. The relationships between metal concentrations in soil samples analyzed, and air emission sources were low except for zinc. Keywords: soil, metal concentration, parks and playgrounds, bioaccessibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".