Distribution and bioaccessibility of metals in soils in public parks in peri-urban Calgary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The concentrations and bioaccessibility of metals in peri-urban area of Calgary, Alberta, were assessed. Soil sampling was performed at 48 locations in public parks and playgrounds in peri-urban areas around the City of Calgary, including Airdrie, Chestermere, the Town of Okotoks, and the Town of Cochrane. The samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In vitro bioaccessibility tests were performed to assess metal bioavailability in a subset of the samples. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed a strong correlation with ICP-MS results. Metal concentrations in the samples analyzed were below the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment soil quality guidelines for residential/parkland use with mean bioaccessibility between 1.4% and 65.9%. Therefore, the potential risk was deemed low based on the metal concentrations and bioaccessibility values. The relationships between metal concentrations in soil samples analyzed, and air emission sources were low except for zinc. Keywords: soil, metal concentration, parks and playgrounds, bioaccessibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".