Variations in the energetic balance among populations of a marine gastropod living along a large latitudinal gradient.
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of temperature on biological functions can vary among individuals of the same species according to the environment they inhabit. In this sense, intraspecific variations in the energetic balance can provide insights on microevolutionary processes occurring at the population scale. The aim of our work was to investigate intraspecific differences in fundamental energetic functions, namely energy acquisition via feeding, energy expenditure via standard metabolic rate, and energy allocation via growth in response to temperature, in a species living along a large latitudinal gradient. We exposed the common periwinkle, Littorina littorea, from 10 different locations in North America, to 12 temperatures (5 to 27 C) in a common garden experiment, and measured survival, feeding rate, growth, metabolic rate, and CTmax. Populations’ thermal performance curves were obtained and suggested that the thermal energy budget differs among different locations. Energy acquisition through feeding and energy allocation to growth differed only for locations at the species limits, which may be subjected to stronger selective pressure. Survival and CTmax were found to be lower at higher temperatures for snails from lower latitudes, this likely reflecting increased energetic needs for maintenance. However, the remarkable differences in the shape of metabolic rate may reflect local variations in energy expenditure strategies. Specifically, snails from different climates may use different strategies to adjust their energy budget to changing temperatures. Our study provides evidence of potential local and clinal adaptation of the investigated species to varying environmental conditions, helping to define its current (and likely future) range limits.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it