Oxylipins as novel sources of soybean (glycine max) tolerance to phytophthora sojae infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an important staple crop currently grown worldwide. The annual global losses of the crop due to root and stem rot infection caused by oomycete Phytophthora sojae are currently estimated at approximately $2B USD. The attempt to fight this devastating disease is towards pyramiding tolerant soybean cultivars that could enhance tolerance to Phytophthora sojae infection. The initial point of infection is root and could spread to the stem. Lipids are major structural components of cellular membranes, which serve as a component of defense mechanisms used by plants against pathogen infection. I hypothesized that lipid mediated plant immunity including phyto-oxylipin anabolism culminating in unique histochemical and morphological structures appear to be part of the successful mechanisms used by tolerant soybean cultivar to limit colonization and infection by Phytophthora sojae. These greater alterations are just a component of successful strategy used by tolerant cultivar to mitigate pathogen infection. To investigate these hypotheses, we employed multi-modal lipidomics, scanning electron microscopy and histochemical techniques to determine, (1) how soybean cultivars remodel their lipid metabolism, (2) to better understand the induction and functions of phyto-oxylipins, and (3) to investigate the mechanism of infection in both soybean cultivars in response to Phytophthora sojae infection. Both soybean cultivars demonstrated alterations in lipid metabolism in response to pathogen infection. Relative to non-inoculated controls, induced accumulation of stigmasterol occurred in the susceptible cultivar whereas induced accumulation of phospholipids and glycerolipids was observed in the tolerant cultivar. A comprehensive metabolic map of soybean root and stem lipid metabolism identified unique lipid biomarkers and accumulation of phyto-oxylipins in tolerant cultivar in response to Phytophthora sojae infection. Histochemical results revealed differences in morphological changes in both susceptible and tolerant cultivars and seemed to be associated with the successful mechanisms used by tolerant soybeans to limit pathogen infection. Overall, my thesis findings demonstrate the role of lipid metabolisms and phyto-oxylipin induction in soybeans during pathogen inversion. This information could be useful in pyramiding soybean cultivars with high tolerance to Phytophthora sojae infection and may consequently improve sustainable agriculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".