Experiences of Social Exclusion and Inclusion among Black African Immigrant Youth in Calgary, Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of this study is to gain an understanding of the factors promoting social exclusion and inclusion from the perspective of first generation Black African immigrant youth in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Most of the literature on Blacks and other visible minorities in Canada is centered on challenges of integration, which have been identified in terms of socio-economic and political marginalization. However, there is little research on immigrant youth from specific communities, notably Blacks and their experiences of social exclusion and inclusion in Canadian society. This current study fills this important gap by offering an understanding into the experiences of social exclusion and inclusion of Black African youth in Calgary, a city that is arguably becoming increasingly diverse with the influx of immigrants from different countries and other Canadian provinces. Drawing on qualitative research methods (40 semi-structured interviews with Ghanaian and Sudanese youth immigrants, 20 females and 20 males between the ages of 18 and 30 years), this study incorporates meaningful insights from African immigrant youth on the drivers of social exclusion and inclusion. The analysis is grounded in critical race theory (CRT) and the concepts of social exclusion and inclusion. Overall, the findings indicate that Black African immigrant youth face marginalization in the educational system, the labour market and in racial profiling in navigating through the city of Calgary. A sense of inclusion is rooted in ethnic group and religious association, and a part of Calgary’s broader society, namely, inclusion in activities such as the Calgary Stampede, Afrikadey celebrations, and GlobalFest. The study contributes a new perspective to understanding Black African immigrant youth experiences of integration into Western Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".