Data for: Age, sex, and temperature shape within- and among-individual space use in Black-capped Chickadees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Historically, spatial ecology studies have focused on average movement patterns within animal groups; however, recent studies highlight the value of considering movement decisions both within and among individuals. Using a marked population of Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), we used the number of unique feeders an individual visits within our study area as a proxy for space use to assess the causes and consequences of within- and among-individual differences in chickadee space use. We found that as temperature decreased, the feeding rate increased. Females, but not males, increased the number of unique feeders used coincident with the temperature-related increase in feeding rates. This may be due to sex-related differences in dominance, where males which are the dominant sex in chickadees, have priority access to feeders, while females increase their foraging areas to meet higher energetic demand. We also found that independent of temperature, juvenile males used more unique feeders than adult males. We suggest that this may be due to age-specific benefits of space use in males, where un-paired juvenile males may increase feeder exploration to gain information about potential mates. Finally, although chickadees showed repeatable differences in space use throughout our study, we found no evidence that space use predicted annual survival. Overall, our results suggest that dominance hierarchies and individual energetics impact within- and among-individual variation in space use. We provide suggestions for future studies to enhance understanding of fitness-related consequences of within- and among-individual variation in space use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".