Effect Of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field And Microwave Therapy On Pain And Physical Function In Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and purpose: Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy and microwaves (MW) are two electrotherapy modalities that have shown to improve pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these therapies is controversial due to diversity in the application parameters and treatment protocols in these patients. The objective is to compare the effectiveness of active PEMF versus MW, as well as sham PEMF, in addressing pain and improving functionality for treating KOA. Methods: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Participants diagnosed with KOA were assigned to an intervention combining an exercise program with active PEMF, MW, or sham PEMF, delivered in three weekly sessions over four weeks. The main outcomes were pain, reported on a 0–10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS), and functionality, as evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) questionnaire, and the Timed Up and Go test. The outcomes were measured at pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and one and four months after the intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".