Acuminiseta;Aluligera;Anatalanta;Anomioptera;Anommonia;Apterobiroina;Apteromyia;Aptilotella;Aptilotus;Archiceroptera;Archicollinella;Archileptocera;Aspinilimonina;Bentrovata;Biroina;Bitheca;Bromeloecia;Ceroptera;Chaetopodella;Chespiritos;Coproica;Druciatus;Elachisoma;Gobersa;Gonioneura;Herniosina;Howickia;Indiosina;Kabaria;Lepidosina;Leptocera;Limomyza;Limosina;Limosinella;Lobeliomyia;Mesaptilotus;Minilimosina;Monteithiana;Myrmolimosina;Nearcticorpus;Ocellipsis;Ocellusia;Opacifrons;Opalimosina;Oribatomyia;Otwayia;Pachytarsella;Palaeocoprina;Papualimosina;Papuellicesa;Paralimosina;Paraptilotus;Parasclerocoelus;Paraspelobia;Pellucialula;Philocoprella;Phthitia;Pismira;Pleuroseta;Poecilosomella;Popondetta;Pseudocollinella;Pteremis;Pterogramma;Pterogrammoides;Pullimosina;Puncticorpus;Rachispoda;Reunionia;Robustagramma;Rudolfina;Sclerocoelus;Scutelliseta;Siphlopteryx;Spelobia;Spinilimosina;Telomerina;Terrilimosina;Thoracochaeta;Trachyopella;Trisetomyia;Xenolimosina Macquart 1835

Subfamily Limosininae Macquart, 1835 Key to species of the Pterogramma -like genera of the Pacific and Indomalayan regions Couplets for the Pterogrammoides species are modified from, or quoted directly from, Papp (1989). Couplets for the Parapterogramma species originally described as Minialula are based on Hayashi (2013). 1. Mid tibia with a single dorsal bristle on distal half (as in Fig. 70A). Orbital bristles very small and fine (Fig. 70B). Wing long and narrow, crossveins in basal third of wing (Figs 70C, 72C). Abdominal sclerites strongly reduced or absent................................................2 (Pterogrammoides Papp, 2008) – Mid tibia with at least two dorsal bristles on distal half (as in Fig. 25A). Orbital bristles strong. Wing broad and ovoid, crossveins in middle of wing (Figs 40–41, 68). Abdominal sclerites desclerotized around edges but otherwise well-developed...................................................................................... 6 2. Scutum with distinct pattern of yellowish spots. Lateral sclerites of female T8 very large. One pair of orbital bristles; katepisternal bristle absent. Wing infuscate, darkest along veins .......................... ................................................................................................... Pt. poecilosomus Papp, 1972 (PNG) – Scutum unicolourous, orange-brown to brown. Lateral sclerites of female T8 smaller. Two pairs of orbital bristles; katepisternal bristle present. Wing very lightly patterned ........................................ 3 3. Male S6–8 large, as wide as or wider than T1+2 (Papp 1989: figs 10, 26). Posteromedial process of surstylus thin, blade-like (Papp 1989: figs 15, 32). Postgonite strongly bent distally, apex truncate (Papp 1989: figs 14, 30)..................................................................................................................... 4 – Male S6–8 smaller, distinctly narrower than T1+2 (Papp 1989: figs 1, 16). Posteromedial process of surstylus stout, rounded (Papp 1989: figs 3, 17). Postgonite gently curved distally, apex tapered (Papp 1989: figs 5, 19)....................................................................................................................... 5 4. Length of male S6–7 1.3× epandrial width, epandrium with short setae (Papp 1989: fig. 10). “Postgonite curved in apical third” (Papp 1989: fig. 14). Surstylus with one large seta and one slightly smaller ventromedial tooth-like seta (Papp 1989: figs 13, 15) ............................................... .............................................................................................................. Pt. indicus Papp, 1989 (IND) – Length of male S6–7 1.7× epandrial width, epandrium with longer setae (Papp 1989: fig. 26). “Postgonite curved in apical fifth” (Papp 1989: fig. 31). Surstylus with one very large ventromedial tooth-like seta and a much finer ventromedial seta (Papp 1989: figs 32–33)...................................... ................................................................................................................. Pt. thaii Papp, 1989 (THA) 5. Wing reduced, extending at most to end of T4. Postgonite “arcuately bent in its whole length, apex rounded, posterior margin serrate” (Fig. 71B). Surstylus anteroapically bare, with two stout apical setae, ventromedial tooth-like setae large and flat (Fig. 71A)............. Pt. baloghi Papp, 1972 (PNG) – Wing extending beyond end of abdomen. Postgonite “more strongly bent, apex narrower”, posterior margin smooth (Papp 1989: fig. 19). Surstylus anteroapically densely setulose, without stout apical setae, ventromedial tooth-like setae small, conical (Papp 1989: figs 17–18) ..................................... ..................................................................................................... Pt. longipennis Papp, 1972 (PNG) 6. Head and thorax without a pattern of microtomentose areas, often bare and shiny (as in Fig. 51B). Anterior pair of dorsocentral bristles arising just before suture (as in Fig. 54A)................................ ...................................................................................................7 (Pseudopterogramma Papp, 2008) – Head and thorax with silvery microtomentum forming patterns (as in Fig. 2B). Anterior pair of dorsocentral bristles arising just behind suture (as in Fig. 3A) ........................................................... .....................................................................................................18 (Parapterogramma Papp, 2008) 7. Postpedicel conical apically. Surstylus with stout tooth-like apical setae (Papp 2008: fig. 82). Female epiproct and hypoproct strongly reduced. M 4 (= CuA of most recent authors) usually ending at dm-m (= dm-cu), sometimes extending very slightly beyond (Papp 2008: fig. 318)............................................................................ Ps. metatarsalis (Papp, 2008) (SGP, THA) – Postpedicel rounded apically. Surstylus never with stout tooth-like apical setae. Female epiproct and hypoproct well-developed and distinct. M 4 usually extending beyond dm-m (Fig. 68).................... 8 8. Hind tarsomeres greatly expanded and dorsoventrally flattened, fore tarsomeres slightly flattened (Fig. 43A) ................................................................................. Ps. aestivale (Richards, 1973) (AUS) – Fore and hind tarsomeres cylindrical, sometimes swollen but not dorsoventrally flattened (as in Fig. 66A)............................................................................................................................................ 9 9. Wing largely hyaline, with a dark spot around R 1 or R 2+3 (Fig. 58B–C, G) .................................... 10 – Wing distinctly patterned, with light and dark areas (Fig. 58A, D–F, H–J) .................................... 12 10. Interfrontal bristles in four large pairs, approximately as thick as anterior orbital bristle (Fig. 48B). Hind tibia uniformly brown (Fig. 48A). Surstylus divided into anterior and posterior lobes (Fig. 49B)................. Ps. brevivenosum (Tenorio, 1967) (COK, FJI, PNG, PYF, TON, USA, WSM) – Interfrontal bristles in three small pairs, distinctly weaker than anterior orbital bristle (Figs 46B, 60B). Basal third to half of hind tibia yellow, distinctly paler than apical half (Figs 46A, 60A). Surstylus with a single lobe, either curving anteriorly (Fig. 47B) or posteriorly (Fig. 61B) ...........11 11. Male mid tibia with a double row of stout apicoventral setae. M 4 extending distinctly beyond dm-m (Fig. 68B). Surstylus curved anteriorly, apex pointed (Fig. 47B). Postgonite very slightly sinuate, very narrow, apex simple (Fig. 47A). Basiphallus large (~0.6× length of postgonite)....................... ............................................................................. Ps. annectens (Richards, 1964) (IDN, PNG, SLB) – Male mid tibia with a small midventral bristle and a small apicoventral bristle. M 4 not developed past dm-m (Fig. 68G). Surstylus curved posteriorly, apex rounded (Fig. 61B). Postgonite curved, broader (length ~5.5 × medial width), apex with several spine-like inner lobes (Fig. 61A). Basiphallus small (~0.3 × length of postgonite)................................................................ Ps. kasut sp. nov. (IDN, SGP) 12. Hind tibia with a large dorsal preapical seta (as in Fig. 66A) ......................................................... 13 – Hind tibia with uniformly short dorsal setae (as in Fig. 54A)......................................................... 16 13. Fore and mid tibiae brown with central third yellow, sometimes yellow area indistinct (Fig. 51A). Male S5 with a posteroventral flange on left third (Fig. 52C). Posterior lobe of surstylus elongate and sinuate, relatively parallel-sided throughout (Fig. 52B). Postgonite with three distinct, strong bends, strongly tapered after apical bend (Fig. 52A) ...................................................................................... ......................................................... Ps. conicum (Richards, 1946) (AUS, FSM, GUM, PLW, PNG) – Fore and mid tibiae solid brown, without any yellow banding (as in Fig. 57A). Male S5 simple, without any additional posteroventral lobes (Fig. 58C; Papp 2008: figs 121, 130). Posterior lobe of surstylus triangular (Fig. 58B) or rectangular (Papp 2008: figs 126, 132). Postgonite gently sinuate and gradually tapered...................................................................................................................... 14 14. Scutum yellow-orange, contrasting strongly with dark brown pleuron (Fig. 57A). Male S5 asymmetrical, strongly reduced on right side and rectangular on the left; setae limited to a transverse row of eight posteromedial setae (Fig. 58C). Posterior lobe of surstylus distinctly smaller than anterior lobe (Fig. 58B) ............................................................................... Ps. fijiensis sp. nov. (FJI) – Scutum brown, concolourous or nearly so with pleuron (as in Fig. 66A). Male S5 almost symmetrical, both sides rectangular and well-developed; uniformly short-setose (Papp 2008: figs 121, 130). Posterior lobe of surstylus distinctly larger than anterior lobe (Papp 2008: figs 126, 132)............. 15 15. Posterior lobe of surstylus with a short (length 1.0× height) apicoventral point, anterior lobe smooth ventrally (Papp 2008: fig. 132). Postgonite slightly broadened subbasally (Papp 2008: fig. 133)...... ............................................................................................... Ps. insulare (Papp, 1972) (IDN, PNG) – Posterior lobe of surstylus with a long (length 2.1 × height) apicoventral point, anterior lobe with a triangular posteroventral lobe (Papp 2008: fig. 126). Postgonite almost parallel-sided, gradually tapered and not broadened subbasally (Papp 2008: fig. 128) ........................

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