Bibliographic record
Abstract
Genus Ephippiorthoceras Foerste, 1924 Type species Orthoceras formosum Billings, 1857, from English Head, Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada, English Head formation, zone 3 or 4 (Foerste 1928c) (= Vauréal Formation, see Achab et al. 2011), late Katian; by original designation. Diagnosis Orthocones with circular to slightly compressed conch cross section; smooth or ornamented with fine transverse and /or longitudinal striae and lirae or coarse oblique plications; sutures form distinct broad lateral lobes; siphuncle subcentral to central, cyrtochoanitic septal necks; siphuncular segments expanded slendering adorally, parietal endosiphuncular deposits occur. (Compiled from Flower 1962, and Sweet 1964c.) Remarks Flower (1962: 33) assigned Ephippiorthoceras into his newly erected Proteoceratidae and justified it, without being more specific, among other arguments with the comment “other material indicates adoral slendering of the segments of the siphuncle.” Sweet (1964c: K256) assigned the genus with question into the Proteoceratidae and remarked that: “Details of the interior are not known in the type-species […] Ephippiorthocras is probably a pseudorthoceratid rather than a proteoceratid.” The material described herein suggests that Flower’s (1962) original evaluation was correct. In the Estonian specimens, a clear tendency for proteoceratid-like “slendering” is apparent. Moreover, the position of the siphuncle becomes more eccentric in later growth stages (see below).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".